LUKE
Chapter 23
Update: 2024.11.27
Luke 23:1 (LIT/UBS4) And (kai) absolutely all (hapan) of the (to) plethora (plēthos) of them (autōn) having stood up (anastan), they led (ēgagon) him (auton) over (epi) to the (ton) Pilate (Pilaton)!
Luke 23:2 (LIT/UBS4) But (de) they caused themselves to start (ērxanto) to publicly accuse (katēgorein) him (autou), saying (legontes), “We found (heuramen) this one (touton) thoroughly twisting (diastrephonta) the (to) ethnic group (ethnos) of us (hēmōn), and (kai) cutting off (kōluonta) property taxes (phorous) to be given (didonai) to Caesar (Kaisari), and (kai) saying (legonta) of himself (heauton) to be (einai) Christ (Christon), [a] king (basilea)!”
Luke 23:3 (LIT/UBS4) But (de) the (ho) Pilate (Pilatos) inquired (ērōtēsen) of him (auton), saying (legōn), “Are (ei) you (su) the (ho) king (basileus) of the (tōn) Judeans (Ioudaiōn)?”
But (de) the (ho) [Jesus, v22:52, RE] having been caused to make [a] decision (apokritheis), he shed light (ephē) to him (autō), “You (su) say (legeis) [it, AE].”
Luke 23:4 (LIT/UBS4) But (de) the (ho) Pilate (Pilatos) enunciated (eipen) to (pros) the (tous) chief sacrificial priests (archiereis) and (kai) the (tous) crowds (ochlous), “I find (heuriskō) absolutely not one (ouden) cause (aition) [for these accusatios, v2, RE] in (en) the (tō) mortal (anthrōpō), this (toutō) [mortal, RE]!”
Luke 23:5 (LIT/UBS4) But (de) the (hoi) [chief sacrificial priests, v4, RE] were being overbearing (epischuon), saying (legontes) that (hoti), “He stirs up (anaseiei) the (ton) people (laon), teaching (didaskōn) down through (kath’) the (tēs) whole (holēs) Judea (Ioudaias), and (kai) having caused himself to start (arxamenos) from (apo) the (tēs) Galilee (Galilaias) until (heōs) here (hōde)!”
Luke 23:6 (LIT/UBS4) But (de) Pilate (Pilatos) having heard (akousas), he inquired (epērōtēsen) if (ei) the (ho) mortal (anthrōpos) is (estin) [a] Galilean (Galilaios).
Luke 23:7 (LIT/UBS4) And (kai) he having experientially known (epignous) that (hoti) he is (estin) out (ek) of the (tēs) authority (exousias) of Herod (Hērōdou), he sent him up (anepempsen auton) to (pros) Herod (Hērōdēn), he (auton) also (kai) being (onta) in (en) Jerusalem (Ierosolumois) in (en) the (tais) days (hēmerais) of these things (tautais).
Luke 23:8 (LIT/UBS4) But (de) the (ho) Herod (Hērōdēs) having seen (idōn) the (ton) Jesus (Iēsoun), he was caused to rejoice (echarē) very greatly (lian).
Because (gar) he was being (ēn), out (ex) of [a] suitable number (hikanōn) of times (chronōn), one desiring (thelōn) to see (idien) him (auton) through (dia) [the sake, AE] of to hear (akouein) about (peri) him (autou).
And (kai) he was hoping (ēlpizen) to see (idein) some (ti) sign (sēmeion) being caused to come to pass (ginomenon) under (hup’) [authority, AE] of him (autou).
Luke 23:9 (LIT/UBS4) But (de) [the Herod, v8, RE] was inquiring (epērōta) of him (auton) in (en) [a] suitable number (hikanois) of words (logois).
But (de) [the Jesus, v8, RE] caused himself to make [a] decision (apekrinato) for him (autō) for absolutely not one (ouden) [inquiry, RE]!
Luke 23:10 (LIT/UBS4) But (de) the (hoi) chief sacrificial priests (archiereis) and (kai) the (hoi) writers (grammateis) had stood (heistēkeisan) making public accusations (katēgorountes) of him (autou) [with, AE] well-controlled tension (eutonōs).
Luke 23:11 (LIT/UBS4) But (de) the (ho) Herod (Hērōdēs) also (kai), together with (sun) the (tois) armies (strateumasin) of him (autou), <having rejected> him (auton) as being absolutely nothing (exouthenēsas), having put [the Jesus, v8, RE] in [a] child’s role (empaixas), [a] shining (lampran) apparel (esthēta) having been thrown around (peribalōn) [him, RE], he sent him up (anepempsen auton) to the (tō) Pilate (Pilatō)!
Luke 23:12 (LIT/UBS4) But (de) both (te) the (ho) Herod (Hērōdēs) and (kai) the (ho) Pilate (Pilatos) caused themselves to become (egenonto) friends (philoi) with (met’) one another (allēlōn) in (en) the (tē) same (autē) day (hēmera).
Because (gar) they were previously (proupērchon) being (ontes) in (en) hatred (echthra) toward (pros) them (autous).
Luke 23:13 (LIT/UBS4) But (de) Pilate (Pilatos) having caused himself to call together (sunkalesamenos) the (tous) chief sacrificial priests (archiereis) and (kai) the (ton) chief ones (archontas), and (kai) the (ton) people (laon),
Luke 23:14 (LIT/UBS4) he enunciated (eipen) to (pros) them (autous), “You brought (prosēnenkate) to me (moi) the (ton) mortal (anthrōpon), this (touton) [mortal, RE], as (hōs) turning away (apostrephonta) the (ton) people (laon).
And (kai) behold (idou), I (egō) having adjudicated350 (anakrinas) [this mortal, v14, RE] in sight (enōpion) of you (humōn), [I, RE] found (heuron) absolutely not one (outhen) [cause, RE] in (en) the (tō) mortal (anthrōpō), this (toutō) [mortal, RE], [a] cause (aition) for which (hōn) you make public accusations (katēgoreite) down against (kat’) him (autou);
Luke 23:15 (LIT/UBS4) BUT (all’), absolutely not one (oude) [cause, v14, RE]!
Because (gar) Herod (Hērōdēs) sent him up (anepempsen auton) to (pros) us (hēmas).
And (kai) behold (idou), absolutely not one (ouden) [cause, v14, RE] worthy (axion) of death (thanatou) is (estin) [an] issue having been habitually practiced (pepragmenon) [by, AE] him (autō)!
Luke 23:16 (LIT/UBS4) Therefore (oun), having child-trained (paideusas) him (auton), I shall send [him, RE] away (apolusō).”
Luke 23:17 (LIT/UBS4) (This verse, although appearing in other Bible translations, is known to have been forged into the biblical Greek texts at some point in history. Of the seven popular textual critics Lachmann and Alford mark the authenticity of this verse as doubtful, while Tischendorf and Tregelles omit it from their works, which is why it is omitted in the LIT.)
Luke 23:18 (LIT/UBS4) But (de) all the fullness (pamplēthei) [of them, AE] cried up (anekragon), saying (legontes), “Remove (aire) this (touton) [mortal, v14, RE]!
But (de) send away (apoluson) to us (hēmin) the (ton) Barabbas (Barabban),”
Luke 23:19 (LIT/UBS4) through (dia) [the sake, AE] of whom (hostis) there was being (ēn) some (tina) insurrection (stasin) having caused itself to come to pass (genomenēn) in (en) the (tē) city (polei), and (kai) he having been thrown (blētheis) into (eis) [a] guardroom (phulakē) for [a] murder (phonon)!
Luke 23:20 (LIT/UBS4) But (de) again (palin) the (ho) Pilate (Pilatos) made [a] sound toward (prosephōnēsen) them (autois), desiring (thelōn) to send away (apolusai) the (ton) Jesus (Iēsoun) [to them, RE].
Luke 23:21 (LIT/UBS4) But (de) the (hoi) [ones of the insurrection, v19, RE] were being louder (epephōnoun), saying (legontes), “Stake (staurou), stake (staurou) him (auton)!”
Luke 23:22 (LIT/UBS4) But (de) the (ho) [Pilate, v20, RE] enunciated (eipen) to (pros) them (autous) [a] third (triton) [time, AE], “Because (gar) this (houtos) [Jesus, v20, RE] did (epoiēsen) what (ti) malicious thing (kakon)?
I found (heuron) absolutely not one (ouden) cause (aition) in (en) him (autō) [worthy, v15, RE] of death (thanatou)!
Therefore (oun), having child-trained (paideusas) him (auton), I shall send [him, RE] away (apolusō)!”
Luke 23:23 (LIT/UBS4) But (de) the (ho) [ones of the insurrection, v19, RE] were causing themselves to lay upon (epekeinto) [Pilate, v20, RE] great (megalais) voices (phōnais), causing themselves to request (aitoumenoi) him (auton) to be staked (staurōthēnai).
And (kai) the (hai) voices (phōnai) of them (autōn) were being strong enough (katischuon).
Luke 23:24 (LIT/UBS4) And (kai) Pilate (Pilotos) passed judgment over (epekrinen) [the Jesus, v20, RE], for the (to) request (aitēma) of them (autōn) to cause itself to come to pass (genesthai).
Luke 23:25 (LIT/UBS4) But (de) [Pilate, v24, RE] sent away (apelusen) the (ton) [Barabbas, v18, RE] [to them, AE], whom (hon) they were causing themselves to request (ētounto), he having been thrown (beblēmenon) into (eis) [a] guardroom (phulakē) through (dia) [the sake, AE] of [an] insurrection (stasin) and (kai) [a] murder (phonon).
But (de) the (ton) Jesus (Iēsoun) he passed along (paredōken) to the (tō) desire (thelēmati) of them (autōn).
Luke 23:26 (LIT/UBS4) And (kai) as (hōs) they led him away (apēgagon auton), they having caused themselves to take hold upon (epilabomenoi) someone (tina), Simon (Simōna), [a] Cyrenian (Kurēnaion), he being caused to come (erchomenou) from (ap’) [a] field (agrou), they put upon (epethēkan) him (autō) the (ton) stake (stauron) to bring (pherein) behind (opisthen) the (tou) Jesus (Iēsou).
Luke 23:27 (LIT/UBS4) But (de) there was following (ēkolouthei) him (autō) [a] large (polu) plethora (plēthos) of the (tou) people (laou) and (kai) females (gunaikōn), [females, RE] who (hai) were beating themselves2875 (ekoptonto) and (kai) singing [a] dirge2354 (ethrēnoun) of him (auton).
Luke 23:28 (LIT/UBS4) But (de) having been turned (strapheis) toward (pros) them (autas), the (ho) Jesus (Iēsous) enunciated (eipen), “Daughters (thugateres) of Jerusalem (Hierousalēm), do not weep (mē klaiete) over (ep’) [the sake, AE] of me (eme)!
Moreover (plēn), weep (klaiete) over (eph’) [the sake, AE] of yourselves (heautas), and (kai) over (epi) [the sake, AE] of the (ta) ones born (tekna) of you (humōn);
Luke 23:29 (LIT/UBS4) because (hoti) behold (idou), days (hēmerai) cause themselves to come (erchontai) in (en) which (hais) [daughters of Jerusdalem, v28, RE] shall state (erousin), ‘Happy (makariai) [females, v27, RE] [are] the (hai) sterile (steirai) [females, v27, RE], and (kai) the (hai) bellies (koiliai) which (hai) absolutely did not engender (ouk egennēsan), and (kai) breasts (mastoi) which (hoi) absolutely did not feed (ouk ethrepsan)!’
Luke 23:30 (LIT/UBS4) Then (tote) [the females, v27, RE] shall cause themselves to start (arxontai) to say (legein) to the (tois) mountains (oresin), ‘Fall (peseta) upon (eph’) us (hēmas)!’, and (kai) to the (tois) hills (bounois), ‘Cover (kalupsate) us (hēmas)!’
Luke 23:31 (LIT/UBS4) Because (hoti) if (ei) [the people, v27, RE] do (poiousin) these things (tauta) in (en) to the (tō) wet (hugrō) tree (xulō), what (ti) may cause itself to come to pass (genētai) [if they do these things, RE] in (en) to the (tō) dry (xērō) [tree, RE]?”
(See Psalm 1:3-6; Jer. 17:7-8)
Luke 23:32 (LIT/UBS4) But (de) [people, v27, RE] of another kind (heteroi) also (kai), two (duo) workers of maliciousness (kakourgoi), were being led (ēgonto) together with (sun) him (autō) to be annihilated (anairethēnai).
Luke 23:33 (LIT/UBS4) And (kai) when (hote) they came (ēlthon) upon (epi) the (ton) place (topon) being called aloud (kaloumenon) the (ton) [place, RE] of [a] cranium (kranion), there (ekei) they staked (estaurōsan) him (auton), and (kai) the (tous) workers of maliciousness (kakourgous).
Truly (men), [there, RE] [was] [[a] worker of maliciousness, RE] which (hon) [was staked, RE] out (ek) right (dexiōn), but (de) [[a] worker of maliciousness, RE] which (hon) [was staked, RE] out (ex) left (aristerōn)!
Luke 23:34 (LIT/UBS4) But (de) the (ho) Jesus (Iēsous) was saying (elegen), “Father (pater), let it go (aphes) for them (autois).
Because (gar) they have absolutely not seen (ou oidasin) what (ti) they do (poiousin)!”
But (de) causing themselves to thoroughly divide (diamerizomenoi) the (ta) outer garments (himatia) of him (autou), [the chief sacrificial priests, v13, RE] threw (ebalon) lots (klērous).
Luke 23:35 (LIT/UBS4) And (kai) the (ho) people (laos) had stood (heistēkei) observing (theōrōn).
But (de) the (hoi) chief ones758 (archontes) also (kai), they were snooting out1592 (exemuktērizon), saying (legontes), “He made others whole (allous esōsen), let him make himself whole (sōsatō heauton), if (ei) this (houtos) [Jesus, v34, RE] is (estin) the (ho) Christ (Christos) of the (tou) God (theou), the (ho) called out (eklektos) [Christ, RE]!”
Luke 23:36 (LIT/UBS4) But (de) the (hoi) soldiers (stratiōtai) also (kai) causing themselves to come to (proserchomenoi) him (autō), they put [him, RE] into [a] child’s role (enepaixan), bringing (prospherontes) to him (autō) wine vinegar (oxos),
Luke 23:37 (LIT/UBS4) and (kai) saying (legontes), “If (ei) you (su) are (ei) the (ho) king (basileus) of the (tou) Judeans (Ioudaiōn), keep yourself whole (sōson seauton)!”
Luke 23:38 (LIT/UBS4) But (de) there was being (ēn) [an] epigraph (epigraphē) also (kai) over (ep’) him (autō), “This (houtos) [Jesus, v34, RE] [is] the (ho) king (basileus) of the (tōn) Judeans (Ioudaiōn).”
Luke 23:39 (LIT/UBS4) But (de) one (heis) of the (tōn) workers of maliciousness (kakourgōn) having been hung (kremasthentōn), he was blaspheming (eblasphēmei) him (auton), saying (legōn), “Are (ei) you (su) absolutely not (ouchi) the (ho) Christ (Christos)!?
Keep yourself whole (sōson seauton), and (kai) us (hēmas)!”
Luke 23:40 (LIT/UBS4) But (de) having been caused to make [a] decision (apokritheis), the (ho) other (heteros) [worker of maliciousness, v39, RE] was epitomizing (epitimōn) him (autō).
He shed light (ephē), “Are you absolutely not made fearful (oude phobē su) of the (ton) God (theon);
because (hoti) you are (ei) in (en) the (tō) same (autō) judicial decision (krimati)?
Luke 23:41 (LIT/UBS4) And (kai) we (hēmeis), truly (men), [have been judged, AE] righteously (dikaiōs)!
Because (gar) we receive (apolambanomen) things worthy (axia) of things which (hōn) we habitually practiced (epraxamen).
But (de) this (houtos) [Jesus, v34, RE] habitually practiced (epraxen) absolutely not one (ouden) atypical thing (atopon)!”
Luke 23:42 (LIT/UBS4) And (kai) he was saying (elegen), “Jesus (Iēsou), be reminded (mnēsthēti) of me (mou) when perhaps (hotan) you may come (elthēs) into (eis) the (tēn) Kingdom932 (basileian) of you (sou)!”
Luke 23:43 (LIT/UBS4) And (kai) he enunciated (eipen) to him (autō), “Truly (amēn) I say (legō) to you (soi) today (sēmeron), you shall cause yourself to be (esē) with (met’) me (emou) in (en) the (tō) paradise (paradeisō)!"
Luke 23:44 (LIT/UBS4) And (kai) it was already being (ēn ēdē) as if (hōsei) [the] sixth (hektē) hour (hōra), and (kai) darkness (skotos) caused itself to become (egeneto) over (eph’) [the] whole (holēn) of the (tēn) land (gēn) until (heōs) [the] ninth (enatēs) hour (hōras),
Luke 23:45 (LIT/UBS4) the (ho) sun (hēlios) having become exhausted (eklipontos).
(In the biblical texts a day begins at 6 AM. The end of the sixth hour would be 12 PM noon, and the end of the ninth hour would be 3 PM. On the day Jesus Christ was staked that day became dark for three hours, from 12 PM noon until the ninth hour, 3 PM.)
And (kai) the (to) curtain (katapetasma) of the (tou) holy place (naou) was split (eschisthē) [in, AE] [the] middle (meson).
Luke 23:46 (LIT/UBS4) And (kai) he having sounded (phōnēsas) [a] great (megalē) voice (phōnē), the (ho) Jesus (Iēsous) enunciated (eipen), “Father (pater), into (eis) [the] hands (cheiras) of you (sou) I pass along (paratithemai) the (to) Spirit (pneuma) of me (mou)!”
But (de) he having enunciated (eipōn) this (touto), he breathed out (exepneusen).
Luke 23:47 (LIT/UBS4) But (de) the (ho) centurion (hekatontarchēs) having seen (idōn) the (to) [darkened sun, v45, RE] having caused itself to come to pass (genomenon), he was glorifying (edoxazen) the (ton) God (theon), saying (legōn), “Really (ontōs), the (ho) mortal (anthrōpos), this (houtos) [mortal, RE], was being (ēn) [a] righteous (dikaios) [mortal, RE]!?”
(Apparently, the centurion believed that the very unusual three hour period of total darkness, in the middle of the day, was a sign from the God that the staked Jesus was the Christ he promised to Israel.)
Luke 23:48 (LIT/UBS4) And (kai) all (pantes) the (hoi) crowds (ochloi) having caused themselves to become alongside together (sumparagenomenoi) over (epi) the (tēn) observance (theōrian) of this (tautēn) [darkness, v44, RE], having observed (theōrēsantes) the things (ta) having caused themselves to come to pass (genomena), they were returning (hupestrephon) beating (tuptontes) the (ta) breasts (stēthē) [of them, AE].
(Apparently, all of the crowds who were returning from the cranium, v33, beating their breasts in sorrow over the death of the Jesus, they also believed that he was the promised Christ.)
Luke 23:49 (LIT/UBS4) But (de) all (pantes) the (hoi) ones known (gnōstoi) to him (autō) had stood (heistēkeisan) from (apo) far off (makrothen), and (kai) females (gunaikes), the (hai) [females, RE] following together with (sunakolouthousai) him (autō) from (apo) the (tēs) Galilee (Galilaias), gazing at (horōsai) these things (tauta).
Luke 23:50 (LIT/UBS4) And (kai) behold (idou) [there was, AE] [a] male (anēr), Joseph (Iōsēph) by name (onomati), [a] counselor (bouleutēs), [[a] male, RE] being under control (huparchōn), and (kai) [a] good (agathos) and (kai) [a] righteous (dikaios) male (anēr).
Luke 23:51 (LIT/UBS4) This (houtos) [Joseph, v50, RE] from (apo) Arimathea (Harimathaias), [a] city (poleōs) of the (tōn) Judeans (Ioudaiōn), was being (ēn) [[a] male, v50, RE] absolutely not causing himself to be placed down together with (ouk sunkatatetheimenos) the (tē) counsel (boulē) and (kai) the (tē) practice (praxei) of them (autōn), [[a] male, v50, RE] who (hos) was causing himself to receive to himself (prosedecheto) the (tēn) Kingdom932 (basileian) of the (tou) God (theou)!
Luke 23:52 (LIT/UBS4) This (houtos) [Joseph, v50, RE] having come to (proselthōn) Pilate (Pilatō), he caused himself to request (ētēsato) the (to) body (sōma) of the (tou) Jesus (Iēsou).
Luke 23:53 (LIT/UBS4) And (kai) he having seized down (kathelōn) [the body, v52, RE], he rolled it in (enetulixen auto) [a] fine linen sheet (sindoni) and (kai) placed (ethēken) it (auton) in (en) [a] rock-quarried (laxeutō) memorial (mnēmati), where (hou) there was absolutely not being (ouk ēn) [[a] body, v52, RE], [where, RE] absolutely not yet (oupō) absolutely not one (oudeis) [body, v52, RE] was being laid (keimenos)!
Luke 23:54 (LIT/UBS4) And (kai) it was being (ēn) [a] day (hēmera) of preparation (paraskeuēs), and (kai) [a] sabbath day (sabbaton) was dawning (epephōsken).
Luke 23:55 (LIT/UBS4) But (de) the (hai) females (gunaikes) who (haitines) were being (ēsan) [females, RE] having come together with (sunelēluthuiai) him (autō) out (ek) of the (tēs) Galilee (Galilaias), [females, RE] having followed [him, RE] down (katakolouthēsasai) [to Jerusalem, v28, RE], they made themselves spectators (etheasanto) of the (to) memorial (mnēmeion), and (kai) of how (hōs) the (to) body (sōma) of him (autou) was placed (etethē).
Luke 23:56 (LIT/UBS4) But (de) [the Galilean females, v55, RE] having returned (hupostrepsasai) [from, AE] [the memorial, v55, RE], they made ready (hētoimasan) aromatics (arōmata) and (kai) myrrh ointments (mura).
And (kai), truly (men), for the (to) sabbath day (sabbaton) they refrained (hēsuchasan), down according to (kata) the (tēn) injunction (entolēn)!